2 Samuel 18:5

Authorized King James Version

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And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying, Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom. And all the people heard when the king gave all the captains charge concerning Absalom.

Original Language Analysis

בְּצַוֹּ֥ת charge H6680
בְּצַוֹּ֥ת charge
Strong's: H6680
Word #: 1 of 24
(intensively) to constitute, enjoin
הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ And the king H4428
הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ And the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 2 of 24
a king
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 3 of 24
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
י֠וֹאָב Joab H3097
י֠וֹאָב Joab
Strong's: H3097
Word #: 4 of 24
joab, the name of three israelites
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 5 of 24
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אֲבִישַׁ֤י and Abishai H52
אֲבִישַׁ֤י and Abishai
Strong's: H52
Word #: 6 of 24
abishai, an israelite
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 7 of 24
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אִתַּי֙ and Ittai H863
אִתַּי֙ and Ittai
Strong's: H863
Word #: 8 of 24
ittai or ithai, the name of a gittite and of an israelite
לֵאמֹ֔ר saying H559
לֵאמֹ֔ר saying
Strong's: H559
Word #: 9 of 24
to say (used with great latitude)
לְאַט Deal gently H328
לְאַט Deal gently
Strong's: H328
Word #: 10 of 24
(as an adverb) gently
לִ֖י H0
לִ֖י
Strong's: H0
Word #: 11 of 24
לַנַּ֣עַר for my sake with the young man H5288
לַנַּ֣עַר for my sake with the young man
Strong's: H5288
Word #: 12 of 24
(concretely) a boy (as active), from the age of infancy to adolescence; by implication, a servant; also (by interch. of sex), a girl (of similar latit
אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ Absalom H53
אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ Absalom
Strong's: H53
Word #: 13 of 24
abshalom, a son of david; also (the fuller form) a later israelite
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 14 of 24
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָעָ֣ם And all the people H5971
הָעָ֣ם And all the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 15 of 24
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
שָֽׁמְע֗וּ heard H8085
שָֽׁמְע֗וּ heard
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 16 of 24
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
בְּצַוֹּ֥ת charge H6680
בְּצַוֹּ֥ת charge
Strong's: H6680
Word #: 17 of 24
(intensively) to constitute, enjoin
הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ And the king H4428
הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ And the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 18 of 24
a king
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 19 of 24
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 20 of 24
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הַשָּׂרִ֖ים gave all the captains H8269
הַשָּׂרִ֖ים gave all the captains
Strong's: H8269
Word #: 21 of 24
a head person (of any rank or class)
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 22 of 24
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
דְּבַ֥ר concerning H1697
דְּבַ֥ר concerning
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 23 of 24
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ Absalom H53
אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ Absalom
Strong's: H53
Word #: 24 of 24
abshalom, a son of david; also (the fuller form) a later israelite

Analysis & Commentary

And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying, Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom. And all the people heard when the king gave all the captains charge concerning Absalom.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Absalom's Death, emphasizing tragedy of rebellion. Absalom's death despite David's orders demonstrates the tragic consequences of rebellion against God's anointed. The graphic description of Absalom caught in oak branches suggests divine judgment. David's overwhelming grief ("O my son Absalom") reveals parental love even for rebellious children. Theological themes include the tragedy of rebellion, the reality that sin leads to death, parental love's persistence, and the danger of prioritizing family over kingdom responsibilities.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 18 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding tragedy of rebellion provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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